Tasa de cesáreas según la clasificación de Robson: análisis comparativo entre dos hospitales universitarios / Tasa de cesáreas según la clasificación de Robson: análisis comparativo entre dos hospitales universitarios

RESUMEN Introducción y objetivos: La ejecución de cesáreas para la interrupción del embarazo y su tasa óptima de utilización ha sido un tema controversial desde sus inicios. En esta línea Robsons y Cols proponen una clasificación para evaluar y comparar de manera eficaz las prácticas realizadas en las distintas instituciones de salud. El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar la tasa de cesáreas realizadas durante el año 2017 tanto en el Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile (HCUCH) como en el Hospital base San José de Osorno (HBSJO), y de esta forma, describir sus diferencias estadísticas. Métodos: Los resultados se obtuvieron mediante la recopilación de datos del libro de pabellones disponible en ambos departamentos. Resultados: Se observó una diferencia significativa en la interrupción del embarazo vía alta, la que alcanzó un 55,7% en el HCUCH, en contraste con un 35,7% en el HBSJO. En el HCUCH, el 87,8% de la totalidad de los partos correspondieron a mujeres con embarazos de bajo riesgo, realizándose cesárea en el 52,9% de ellas. En el HBSJO en cambio, las cifras fueron de un 74,6% y 32,2% respectivamente. En las únicas categorías en las cuales no existió una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en cuanto a la tasa de cesáreas realizadas fueron las distocias de presentación y los embarazos gemelares, alcanzando un a tasa de 100% en embarazos gemelares en el HBSJO. Las hipótesis que explican estas diferencias radican principalmente en la organización administrativa y a la población atendida en cada hospital. Conclusiones: Los distintos centros asistenciales de nuestro país se rigen por distintas formas de funcionamiento. Esto explica entre otras cosas, la diferencia estadísticamente significativa que se produce al comparar la tasa de cesárea del HCUCH con el HBSJO. Hacemos un llamado en este trabajo a utilizar el método de clasificación de Robson para facilitar la supervisión y la comparación crítica de estos índices en los hospitales.

ABSTRACT Introduction and objectives: The caesarean section execution for the interruption of pregnancy and its optimal rate of use, has been a controversial issue since its inception. In this line Robsons and Cols propose a classification to standardize and effectively compare the practices carried out in the different health institutions. The aim of this study was to compare the rate of cesareans performed during 2017 both at the "University Clinical Hospital of Chile" (HCUCH) and at the "San José de Osorno Hospital" (HBSJO), and in this way, describe their statistical differences. Methods: The results were obtained by collecting data from the pavilion book available in both departments. Results: There was a significant difference in the cesarean rate between both hospitals. This difference reached 55.7% in the HCUCH, in contrast to 35.7% in the HBSJO. In the HCUCH, 87.8% of all the deliveries corresponded to women with low risk pregnancies, with cesarean sections performed in 52.9% of them. On the other hand, in the HBSJO the values were 74.6% and 32.2% respectively. The only categories in which there was no statistically significant difference in the rate of cesarean sections performed, were pregnancies with dystocia presentation and twin pregnancies, reaching a 100% of surgical intervention in this last group. The hypotheses that explain these differences lie mainly in the administrative organization and the population served in each hospital. Conclusions: The different healthcare centers in our country are governed by different ways of functioning. This explains, among other things, the statistically significant difference that occurs when comparing the cesarean rate of the HCUCH and the HBSJO. We encourage in this study to use Robson's classification method to facilitate the supervision and critical comparison of these indices in hospitals.

Evaluación del ambiente educacional pre-clínico en seis Escuelas de Medicina en Chile / Evaluation of the undergraduate educational environment in six medical schools in Chile

Background: The Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) is the most valid and reliable instrument to measure the educational environment (EE) in undergraduate medical education. Aim: To evaluate the EE perceived by undergraduate medical students in Chile, using a Spanish version of the DREEM questionnaire. Material and Methods: The DREEM was applied during 2008 in third, fourth and ffith undergraduate years of six medical schools. The individual results were calculated and means of both global and individual domain scores of the DREEM were compared, by year, gender and between different Schools. Results: One thousand ninety two students (77 percent of the total universe of students), answered the questionnaire. The mean score of the six Schools was 113.9. The domains of Perception of Learning and Social Self-Perception obtained the lower scores, with a global outcome indicating a more positive than negative EE. Two schools obtained mean scores of 128.32 and 126.87, that were significantly higher than the global scores obtained by other schools. No relevant differences by years or gender were observed. Conclusions: There is a signifiicant variability between the six schools evaluated and two of these obtained signifiicantly better scores than the rest. The identified positive and negative areas will orient the actions to improve the EE for undergraduate medical students.